Sunday, April 22, 2018

Race: Still Real

The debate about race is one of the best illustrations of the central error (and danger) of political correctness: the subordination of reason to politics. Or we could say, the subordination of facts / evidence / objective inquiry / science thereto. PC is, at its core, neo-Lysenkoism. These sound like the kinds of claims you might find on a nutty far-right blog...but...well...they're true. So. We're stuck with 'em, crazy as they might sound.
   I continue to think that the most illustrative example is transgenderism, because that involves--once you clear away the ground clutter--only relatively simple ideas / concepts. Those simple ideas are obfuscated by bad (more accurately: dumb and dishonest) terminology...but that can be cleaned up with a bit of attention. 
   However, though the ideas are a more complicated, race is also a pretty good example. The attempt to convince people that races are not natural kinds is almost entirely motivated by left-wing political obsessions and preferences. It does gain strength from the nominalism that's an unfortunate part of much of contemporary consciousness...though it could be argued that that, too, is associated with the left's obsession with trying to make everything out to be social / linguistic. But that might be a stretch. Nominalism is a view that captures people everywhere on the intellectual / political spectrum. It's one of those views that's easy to understand, has a kind of natural allure, and just seems to come readily to people's lips when they are forced to say something about kinds and abstract objects. IMO that's partially because it sounds sophisticated in virtue of sounding rather skeptical.
   At any rate, an objective look at the evidence and arguments clearly indicates that races are real. New evidence and arguments may, of course, emerge. But right now, the more reasonable view by far is that there are real, biological patterns of sameness and difference that correspond closely enough to our ideas of races to count. There's no perfect fit, of course. But were that our criterion, I'm not sure any commonsense category would be real.
   Anyway, the real point of this post is: behold, JayMan's blog on the topic! This is a really nice piece of work.

   Anyway: the race debate, like the debate about transgenderism, is largely driven by political commitments and pressures, not rational, detached philosophical and scientific ones. The academic and intellectual left has become committed to the reality of transgenderism and the unreality of race as moral / political points. If you fail to toe the appropriate line in these cases, you are the moral equivalent of a racist. (An actual racist in the latter case; a "transphobe" in the former. A brand new sin!) It's the political, quasi-religious fervor of the left that's driving these views, not the arguments. They are passionately committed to tricking and bullying people into believing them. Refuse to do so, and you will be vilified and dogpiled. The talk page on race at Wikipedia is a great place to see how some of this operates. Lefty editors who spend their whole lives prosecuting leftist cases on Wikipedia use every trick in the wikibook to suppress contrary arguments and advance the politically correct view. When the facts finally take over again, we might really learn something by acknowledging how out of touch with reality the left is about this, and how blatantly they worked to suppress contrary arguments. But I expect that it'll just go down the memory hole.
   I continue to think that, if the more centrist left realized how this sort of bias / pressure permeates the cultural superstructure, they'd be appalled. But they kinda don't know, and kinda don't want to know.

7 Comments:

Blogger Dark Avenger said...

It would be good if you had some biology on your side:

The proportion of human genetic variation due to differences between populations is modest, and individuals from different populations can be genetically more similar than individuals from the same population. Yet sufficient genetic data can permit accurate classification of individuals into populations. Both findings can be obtained from the same data set, using the same number of polymorphic loci. This article explains why. Our analysis focuses on the frequency, ω, with which a pair of random individuals from two different populations is genetically more similar than a pair of individuals randomly selected from any single population. We compare ω to the error rates of several classification methods, using data sets that vary in number of loci, average allele frequency, populations sampled, and polymorphism ascertainment strategy. We demonstrate that classification methods achieve higher discriminatory power than ω because of their use of aggregate properties of populations. The number of loci analyzed is the most critical variable: with 100 polymorphisms, accurate classification is possible, but ω remains sizable, even when using populations as distinct as sub-Saharan Africans and Europeans. Phenotypes controlled by a dozen or fewer loci can therefore be expected to show substantial overlap between human populations. This provides empirical justification for caution when using population labels in biomedical settings, with broad implications for personalized medicine, pharmacogenetics, and the meaning of race.

The fact that, given enough genetic data, individuals can be correctly assigned to their populations of origin is compatible with the observation that most human genetic variation is found within populations, not between them. It is also compatible with our finding that, even when the most distinct populations are considered and hundreds of loci are used, individuals are frequently more similar to members of other populations than to members of their own population. Thus, caution should be used when using geographic or genetic ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1893020/

The last paragraph, on the basis of available evidence 40 years ago was thought to be true,
and genetic analysis has shown it to be correct.




10:27 AM  
Blogger Winston Smith said...

Lewontin's fallacy.

You keep bringing it up...but it's still fallacious.

One good explanation of this:

Nevin Sesardic:
"Race: The Social Destruction of a Biological Concept."

https://www.ln.edu.hk/philoso/staff/sesardic/Race.pdf

10:32 AM  
Blogger Winston Smith said...

Though also:

You really ought to read the link to JayMan's blog.

11:13 AM  
Blogger Dark Avenger said...

Human variance is greater within groups than across groups, Winston.

Yudell said that modern genetics research is operating in a paradox, which is that race is understood to be a useful tool to elucidate human genetic diversity, but on the other hand, race is also understood to be a poorly defined marker of that diversity and an imprecise proxy for the relationship between ancestry and genetics.

"Essentially, I could not agree more with the authors," said Svante Pääbo, a biologist and director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany, who worked on the Neanderthal genome but was not involved with the new paper.

"What the study of complete genomes from different parts of the world has shown is that even between Africa and Europe, for example, there is not a single absolute genetic difference, meaning no single variant where all Africans have one variant and all Europeans another one, even when recent migration is disregarded," Pääbo told Live Science. "It is all a question of differences in how frequent different variants are on different continents and in different regions."

https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.livescience.com/53613-race-is-social-construct-not-scientific.html

5:54 PM  
Blogger Winston Smith said...

"Human variance is greater within groups than across groups, Winston."

Agreed. Do you understand why that doesn't mean that races aren't natural kinds?

6:39 PM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Scott Alexander covered this nicely a few years ago, I think.

http://slatestarcodex.com/2014/08/12/does-race-exist-does-culture/

9:02 PM  
Blogger Pete Mack said...

If racial characteristics are determined by a "small loci of genes", I am by sure why it matters one way or another when you call race a 'natural kind'.

That said, of course there is selection for certain characters in tropical regions and others in cold regions--and still others when you drink milk or alcohol. I am not sure if this matters: strangely, there are plenty of whites living in the tropics and blacks living in Canada.

10:44 AM  

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